BACKGROUND |
Official Name of the Country |
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National Anthem |
Guardians of the Homeland |
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National Day |
17-apr |
Capital City |
Damascus |
Other Major Cities |
Aleppo, Homs, Latakia, Hamah |
Official Language(s) |
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GEOGRAPHY AND CLIMATE |
Location and Geographic Coordinates |
(35 00 N, 38 00 E) Middle East, bordering the Mediterranean Sea, between Lebanon and Turkey |
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Total Area |
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Total Land Area |
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Total Water Area |
1,550 km² |
Land Boundaries |
2,363 km |
Border Countries |
5 border countries: Iraq (599 km); Occupying Israel (83 km); Jordan (379 km); Lebanon (403 km); Turkey (899 km) |
Coastline |
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Climate and Weather |
The climate in general is a modified Mediterranean type. The modification is mainly due to a change in micro- habitat as a result of man’s misuse of natural resources. There are four seasons: a cool rainy winter with occasional snow, a hot dry summer, a short spring and autumn. The regions near the sea are characterized by a mild Mediterranean climate while the interior parts are rather continental with cold winters and a spell of below zero Co and hot summers with a spell above 40°C. |
SOCIETY AND DEMOGRAPHICS |
Nationality |
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Human Development Index |
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Human Development Index Rank |
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Population, Total |
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Growth Rate of Population, Annual |
4.86 Percent (2023) |
Total Fertility Rate |
2.67 Births per Woman (2023) |
Population Density, per km2 |
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Adult Literacy Rate |
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ECONOMY AND SECTORS |
Rate of Exchange, per USD, End of Period |
2512.5 National Currency Units (2022) |
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GDP, Current Prices |
18,595,794,717 USD (2022) |
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GDP per Capita (Current Prices) |
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Government Expenditure on Education, % of GDP |
0 () |
Current Health Expenditure, % of GDP |
3.05 Percent (2012) |
Unemployment Rate, Ages 15+, Both Sexes |
13.25 Percent (2024) |
Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), Inward Flows (Current Prices in Millions) |
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ODA: Total, Net (Current Prices in Millions) |
8,277 USD (2022) |
Merchandise Exports |
6,733,625,750 USD (2023) |
Main Merchandise Export Partners |
Lebanon, Saudi Arabia, Iraq, UAE, Türkiye |
Merchandise Imports |
5,961,884,129 USD (2023) |
Main Merchandise Import Partners |
China, Ukraine, Russia, Argentina, Egypt |
Intra-OIC Merchandise Exports |
5,784,622,281 USD (2023) |
Main Merchandise Export Partners (in the OIC) |
Lebanon, Saudi Arabia, Iraq, UAE, Türkiye |
Intra-OIC Merchandise Imports |
1,202,283,070 USD (2023) |
Main Merchandise Import Partners (in the OIC) |
Egypt, UAE, Lebanon, Iran, Malaysia |
Natural Resources |
Petroleum, phosphates, chrome and manganese ores, asphalt, iron ore, rock salt, marble, gypsum, hydropower |
Main Agricultural Products |
Olives; Wheat; Whole fresh cow milk; Indigenous sheep meat; Whole fresh sheep milk; Anise, Badian, Fennel, Coriander; Almonds with shell |
LOGISTIC |
Time Zones |
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Country Code |
963 |
Electricity |
220 V, C / E / L |
Emergency Numbers |
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Police |
112 |
Ambulance |
113 |
Fire |
110 |
LINK |
Presidency |
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Parliament |
http://www.parliament.gov.sy |
National Statistical Office |
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http://www.cbssyr.org |
Central Bank / Monetary Authority |
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Higher Education Authority |
http://www.mohe.gov.sy/ |